Budget 2018: Falling Education Spending Aggravates India's Learning Crisis, Wastes Its Demographic Dividend

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Population of South Asian & BRICS Nations
Country	Median age (In years)	Working age population (In %)	Population (In millions)
India	27.9	66	1,324.17
Bangladesh	26.7	66	162.95
Pakistan	23.8	61	193.20
Sri Lanka	32.8	66	21.20
Nepal	24.1	63	28.98
Bhutan	27.6	68	0.79
Maldives	28.2	72	0.42
Afghanistan	18.8	54	34.66
Brazil	32	70	207.65
Russia	39.6	69	144.34
China	37.4	72	1,378.66
South Africa	27.1	66	55.91

Source: US Central Intelligence Agency, World Bank population and working age population
Note: Median age 2017 estimates, population census years of countries.

Enrolment In An Educational Institution Among 14- To 18-Year-Olds In Rural India

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Source: Annual Status of Education Report 2017

Source: Annual Status of Education Report, 2016

Source: Annual Status of Education Report, 2016

Source: Annual Status of Education Report 2017

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Education Spending Under The Narendra Modi Government
Year	HRD Ministry Budget (In Rs crore)	Total Central Budget (In Rs crore)	Gross National Income (GNI, In Rs crore)	HRD Ministry Budget (As % of GNI)	HRD Ministry Budget (As % of Total Central Budget)
2014-15	1,10,351.10	17,94,891.96	104,12,280.00	1.06	6.15
2015-16	96,649.76	17,77,477.04	112,46,305.00	0.86	5.44
2016-17	92,666.65	19,78,060.45	120,34,713.00	0.77	4.68
2017-18	79,685.95	21,46,734.78	128,35,004.00	0.62	3.71

Source: Union Budgets, Economic Survey 2017-18
Note: Figures at constant prices. Gross national income for 2016-17 provisional estimate, for 2017-18 first advance estimate. HRD: Human Resource Development