Bengal Deadliest State For Bovine-Related Violence In 2017
A poster during a demonstration against mob lynchings in Kolkata on July 06, 2017. The poster reads: Against increasing mob lynchings, Let us all stand together.
With the recent lynching of two men in Bengal over the suspicion of stealing cows, the state’s count of such killings has risen to five persons this year, making it the deadliest state for bovine-related violence in 2017 till date, shows an IndiaSpend database that records such violence.
As of August 31, 2017, Bengal accounted for 50%–or five of ten–deaths recorded in bovine-related attacks reported across India, our database shows. With six deaths recorded since 2010, Bengal now has most deaths from such attacks in the country, followed by Uttar Pradesh, which recorded five deaths in 10 incidents over eight years. In this same period, Bengal has reported three incidents–all of which reported fatalities.
In the early hours of August 27, 2017, Nazrul Islam (25), Anwar Hussain (19) and Hafizul Sheikh (19) were transporting cattle from the Dhupguri cattle market to Tufanganj in Cooch Behar district, north-east Bengal, when they were apprehended by a mob near Barohalia village in Jalpaiguri, a senior police officer told IndiaSpend on condition of anonymity. While Sheikh was from Dhubri town in eastern Assam, Islam and Hussain belonged to Pundibari village in Cooch Behar, according to the Dhupguri police.
“The men had purchased seven cattle from the market and had lost their way to Tufanganj in the middle of the night,” the police officer told IndiaSpend. “This was when a group of people, suspecting them to be cattle thieves, attacked them.”
Noticing that the men were travelling with cattle, the mob demanded Rs 50,000 to let them pass the area. When the victims said they did not have the money to pay them, the villagers beat them to death, said Anwar’s father Mahamadul Hussain, The Hindu reported on August 28, 2017.
Nazrul Islam, the driver of the vehicle transporting the cattle, escaped, but the 19-year-olds could not. “The mob accosted the two men and beat them up at around 3 am on August 27, 2017,” a local reporter of the district who did not want to be identified, told IndiaSpend. “Residents have been complaining of cow theft for a year now.”
Bodies of Anwar Hussain,19, and Hafizul Sheikh, 19, at the Dhupguri Grameen Hospital in Dhupguri town, Jalpaiguri district, north Bengal, on August 28, 2017.
“So far we have managed to arrest three Barohalia villagers--Dilip Mondol, Samiyar Rehman and Monohar Sarkar. We have already produced them before the magistrate and now the courts will decide their justice,” said the police officer.
“We are now on the lookout to catch the others who formed part of the mob. The arrested (men) are under questioning,” the officer said.
“Since the arrests, Barohalia residents say they do not know who killed the two teenaged boys. They say the spate of cow thefts over the past year might have led to this extremely violent reaction as the three men were seen transporting cattle at night,” said the local reporter.
At the time of filing this report, Hussain’s family was yet to file a complaint against the villagers, according to the Pundibari police. IndiaSpend could not verify whether Sheikh’s family had filed a complaint.
Two months ago, on June 22, 2017, three Muslim men were lynched for allegedly trying to steal cows from North Dinajpur district’s Chopra block in north Bengal, The Indian Express reported.
Between 2010 and 2017, only one incident of such violence was recorded in the state: 2010 is the starting point of the IndiaSpend database of bovine-related violence. On May 8, 2016, a mob lynched a Hindu youth on suspicion of stealing a buffalo, The Times Of India reported on May 10, 2016.
Since 2010: 28 Killed, At Least 215 Injured, 86% Victims Are Muslims; Rumour Triggered 55% Incidents
Across India, such violence has claimed 28 lives since 2010. At least 215 people were injured in these 73 attacks, including 12 women, two of whom were gang-raped.
Of 73 incidents recorded over eight years, 55%–or 40–were triggered by rumours of cattle theft, our database shows.
Muslims were the target of 53% (39 of 73) incidents of violence centred on bovine issues in 2010-17 and comprised 86% (24 of 28) killed in 73 incidents, data show.
Created through a collection and content analysis of reports in the English media–which tend to have the widest nationwide news spread–the database shows that 97% (71 of 73) of such incidents were reported after Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government came to power in May 2014. More than half or 52% of the bovine-related violence–38 of 73 incidents–were reported in states governed by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) at the time, revealed our analysis of violence recorded until August 31, 2017.
In 29%–21 of 73–incidents reported, police registered cases against victims/survivors, an analysis of our database revealed.
A “feeling of unease, a sense of insecurity is creeping in” among Muslims, outgoing vice-president Hamid Ansari said in his parting interview to Rajya Sabha TV, published on August 10, 2017.
National or state crime data do not distinguish general violence from bovine-related attacks and lynchings, so the IndiaSpend database is the first such statistical perspective to a growing national debate over such violence.
Despite the increase in violence related to bovine issues, particularly over the last three years, the ministry of home affairs does not collect data on lynchings, said this government statement to the Lok Sabha (parliament’s lower house) on July 25, 2017.
The National Crime Records Bureau, that collects and analyses crime data from across the country, plans to collect data on lynchings as well, The Indian Express reported on July 9, 2017.
Source: IndiaSpend database
On reconciliation of our dataset, we found the following discrepancies, which have been corrected:
1. An incident dated July 18, 2016, was reported from Una, Gujarat. Two news reports published on different dates carrying different details of the same incident were considered as separate incidents in the earlier version of the database. This has now been corrected, bringing down the incident count by one, and the injured count by four. This has not affected the figure for deaths.
2. An incident dated March 27, 2016, was reported from Kurukshetra, Haryana. An update on the case was considered as a separate incident in the earlier version of the database. This has been corrected, bringing down the incident count as well as the death toll by one.
3. An incident dated March 18, 2016, was reported from Latehar, Jharkhand. There were two news reports of the same incident in the same newspaper but citing different names. This has been corrected after telephonic confirmation from the newspaper’s Jharkhand correspondent. This brings the incident count down by one and the count of deaths down by two.
Updated on December 8, 2017. All links to the database have also been updated to https://data.indiaspend.com/hate-crime
(Vivek is an analyst and Saldanha is an assistant editor with IndiaSpend.)
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